Eugenics: Then and now     

Staffan Müller-Wille 《Metascience》2011,20(2):347-349

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The Aviation Paradox: Why We Can ‘Know’ Jetliners But Not Reactors     

John Downer 《Minerva》2017,55(2):229-248

Publics and policymakers increasingly have to contend with the risks of complex, safety-critical technologies, such as airframes and reactors. As such, ‘technological risk’ has become an important object of modern governance, with state regulators as core agents, and ‘reliability assessment’ as the most essential metric. The Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature casts doubt on whether or not we should place our faith in these assessments because predictively calculating the ultra-high reliability required of such systems poses seemingly insurmountable epistemological problems. This paper argues that these misgivings are warranted in the nuclear sphere, despite evidence from the aviation sphere suggesting that such calculations can be accurate. It explains why regulatory calculations that predict the reliability of new airframes cannot work in principle, and then it explains why those calculations work in practice. It then builds on this explanation to argue that the means by which engineers manage reliability in aviation is highly domain-specific, and to suggest how a more nuanced understanding of jetliners could inform debates about nuclear energy.  相似文献   

You Say “Myth” Like It’s a Bad Thing     

Christopher Hamlin 《Science & Education》2017,26(1-2):191-193

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<Emphasis Type="Bold">October’s</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Sumerki</Emphasis>     

David Randall 《Academic Questions》2017,30(3):365-370

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An Interim Report Compiled by the Creative Industries Internationalization Committee     

Christian Morgner 《Cultural Trends》2015,24(2):194-196

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Erratum to: Who Benefits Most from a University Degree?: A Cross-National Comparison of Selection and Wage Returns in the US,UK, and Germany     

Renee Reichl Luthra  Jennifer Flashman 《Research in higher education》2017,58(8):879-879

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Clayton Childress: Under the Cover: The Creation,Production, and Reception of a Novel     

David Emblidge 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2017,33(4):497-499

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Materials Research in France: A Short-lived National Initiative (1982–1994)     

Emanuel Bertrand  Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent 《Minerva》2011,49(2):191-214

This paper describes the French initiative in materials research against both a national and an international background, in an attempt to disentangle the local circumstances, which prompted this governmental initiative, and to characterize the specific profile of materials research in France. In presenting a biography of the interdisciplinary program in materials research (PIRMAT), we argue that: i) the PIRMAT denotes a failure of the French science policy in materials research; ii) the leadership of the CNRS led to a specific style of research, quite different from the engineering approach of Materials Science and Engineering, and characteristic of a French style in materials research.  相似文献   

“Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?”     

Jeff Buechner 《Ethics and Information Technology》2017,19(3):221-236

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Performing under pressure: Exploring the psychological state underlying clutch performance in sport     

Christian Swann  Lee Crust  Patricia Jackman  Stewart A. Vella  Mark S. Allen  Richard Keegan 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2272-2280

Clutch performance is improved performance under pressure. However, little research has examined the psychological state experienced by athletes in these situations. Therefore, this study qualitatively examined the subjective experience underlying clutch performance across a range of sports (e.g., team, individual) and standards (Olympic to recreational athletes). Sixteen athletes (M_age = 27.08 years; SD = 6.48) took part in in-depth, semi-structured interviews primarily after an exceptional performance (M = 4.38 days later; SD = 3.14). Data were analysed inductively and thematically. Clutch states involved 12 characteristics, including heightened and deliberate concentration, intense effort, and heightened awareness, which distinguished the experience of clutch from other optimal psychological states such as flow. Other characteristics, such as perceptions of control, were also reported and supported previous experimental research on clutch. These findings present in-depth qualitative insights into the psychological state underlying clutch performance, and are discussed in relation to the existing literature on optimal psychological states in sport.  相似文献